Power transmitting mechanism



Aug. 25, 1942 s. .STROBRIDGE POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Feb. 12, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 fi. NQ $2 e QJ n m m mn mm Rw Y 1 H U n2 S: m m w m 8 8 W/ W Ill 1 a mu rm m w B G Q w- H V l a: m\ a: E

3 9 7 MM 2 or w z 3 E 2. 5 4m m2 as me 5 MT 3 N2 9: n2 7 3. o3 .%J\ \l N gv 7 al m) r m g Aug. 25, 1942. c STROBRIDGE POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM 6 Sheets-Sheet 2;

Filed Feb; 12, 1938 an mm ans .3 mm 5 5 m 5 d 2: V k JR H HH IHHHOHHHHHH INVENTOR Georgie fizrobgidye NEY Aug. 25, 1942. e. STROBRIDGE POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Feb. 12, 1938 6 Sheets-Shea? 3 INVENTOR Ge urge Sirobridge Aug. 25, 1942. G. STROBRIDGE POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM s Sheets-Sheet '4 Filed Feb. 12, 1938 I A m FM" l a UWK INVENTOR, irobrid de 8 1942- G. STROBRIDGE ,294,251

POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Feb. 12, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 George Sfrobridfe Aug. 25, 1942. STROBRIDGE POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Feb. 12, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 "Elm J lNV'ENTdOR. BY aye fimbrl {e Patented Au 25, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE rowan TRANSMITTING MECHANISM George Strobridge, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor of one-half to Edward Levy, New York, N. Y.

Application February 12, 1938, Serial No. 190,349

22 Claims. (6i. Wi -189.5)

I provide a hydraulic coupling and means for controlling the flow of fluid whereby the speed and power transmitted may be varied automatically from a predetermined low to maximum high, or

vice versa, and a manual control for starting the automatic operation, combined with means for manually controlling the neutral and reverse drive when desired.

' Further objects are to provide (1) a power transmission which will dispense with the usual main driving clutch; (2) a transmission in which gear shifting for forward speeds, except for direct shaft drive, is eliminated; (3) a transmission in which the coupling of the driving and driven shafts for direct shaft drive is automatically made when the speed ratio of the driving and driven shaftsreaches a predetermined high and is'automatically uncoupled at a predetermined low, and in which also an overdrive or speed ratio above the direct shaft drive is obtainable at the will of the operator; (4) a transmission whe eby manual shifting or control for forward changes may be dispensed with and in which the usual accelerator and brake controls are the only manually operated means required for normal operating conditions. Further objects are to provide a power transmission whereby the following advantages are obtained; freewheeling under all operating conditions except when in direct shaft drive; change of drive ratio at any car speed; automatic decrease in drive ratio under load; avoidance of motor stalling and permitting application of full engine power to the drive shaft when the vehicle is at rest; increase of accelerative ability; and increased gasoline mileage through use of proper power ratio and overdrive.

In the accompanying drawingsmyinvention is illustrated as applied to a power transmission .for motor driven vehicles, in which- Figure 1' is a longitudinal elevation of the transmission-casing with the automatic control Figure 1 a front elevation of the accelerator pedal.

Figure 2 a top plan view of the transmission casing with the control means mounted thereon.

Figures 3 and 4 are, respectively, rear and front end elevations of the transmission casing.

Figure 5 a longitudinal central vertical section of the transmission.

Figure 6 a horizontal section on the line 6-B of Figure 5 showing in plan view the shifter slides of the shifter mechanism.

Figure 7 a cross-section on the line l1 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 a cross-section of the hydraulic coupling on the line 88 of Figure 5.

Figure 10 a horizontal section on the line ill-it of Figure 5.

Figure 11 a vertical section on the line ll--ll of Figure 5.

Figure 12 a vertical section on the line l2--l2 .of Figure 5.

Figure 13 an enlarged horizontal cross-section on the line i3l3 of Figure 11.

Figure 14 an enlarged horizontal cross-section on the line M-l 4 of Figure 3. 1

Figure 15 an enlarged vertical. longitudinal section on the line l5--l 5 of Figure 2.

Figure 16 a vertical cross-motion on the line l6l6 of Figure 15, and

Figure 17 an enlarged horizontal section on the line l'l-ll of Figure 2. D

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Figures 1 to 4, the transmission casing is shown as composed of body A, cover B, bottom or sump C, flanged extension D having bolt holes for securing the forward end of the casing to the engine casing or chassis of the vehicle, forward bearing head E for drive shaft S, and rear bearing head F for driven shaft S.

Referring now to Figure 5, which shows the transmission in vertical central'section, it will be seen that heads E and F are formed with hubse and f, respectively, which are centrally bored in axial alignment'for the shafts S and S, respectively; and which hubs are grooved to re ceive a packing material. At the inner side the hubs are bored to receive ball-bearings e and f for the shafts S and 8', respectively. The hubs e and j are of a depth to house worm-sleeves 8 ends secured on shafts S and S, respectively, between the walls of the hubs and the ballbearings. The outer surfaces of the hubs are extended at one side of the axial centers as seen in Figures 3 and 4 to form with th cap-plates e and I vertical bearings for pump shafts here.

gear wheel I0, is bored to receive and serve as a bearing for the reduced inner end of shaft S. The inner end of the hub of gear I is splined on its outer periphery as shown at I to form the male member of a spline clutch for direct shaft drive. Between this clutch member and the ball-bearing f, shaft S is square as indicated at s and on this section of the shaft is a sleeve |2 having at one end gear wheel l3 and at the opposite end the female member M of the direct drive clutch. An enlargement on the sleeve is grooved as shown at I5 to receive the fork of a shifter-arm hereinafter referred to. As shown in Figure 5, sleeve I2 is in position for geared drive connection. A shift to the right disengages gear wheel l3 and interlocks clutch members |,||4 for direct shaft drive, and a shift to the left from the position shown disenages the geared drive to place the transmission in neutral, and a further: shift to the left slides gear l3 into mesh with reversing gear Wheel I6. The shaft for gear wheel I6 is journalled in bearing |1 projecting from the end wall of casing body A, as .seen in-Figure 5, and bearing I1 projecting from the side wall as seen in Figure 11.

In parallel alignment with shafts S and S is a sectional counter-shaft comprising drive end I 8 having gear wheel l9 keyed thereon and which is permanently in mesh with drive gear Ill; driven end having gear wheels 2| and 22, which may be formed integrally with the shaft as shown, or may be separate gears keyed to the shaft; and a hydraulic coupling. This counter-shaft is journalled in'bearings 23 and 24 formed between the flanges of the lower rim of body A and upper rim of sump C. This arrangement permits of complete assembly of the counter-shaft for placement in position as seen in Figure 5 before securing the bottom or sump C in position. Gear 2| is adapted to mesh with gear l3 and gear 22 is permanently in mesh with reversing gear H5. The geared relation between drive shaft S and the hydraulic coupling shaft and between that shaft and the driven shaft S may be of any desired ratio, but in order to obtain overdrive of the driven shaft, and also to accelerate the automatic functionin of the hydraulic coupling, I prefer to provide gears l0 and I9 having, for instance, a ratio of 10 to 8 which would produce a twenty-five percent overdrive of the driven shaft S when the hydraulic coupling is operating at maximum transmission.

The hydraulic coupling may be of any suitable type, but as illustrated in Figures 5 and 8 is in the form of a rotary pump having a rotor 25 provided with radial slots for a, series of radially reciprocating blades 26 rotating counter clockwise in a casing composed of cylindrical member 21 and head 28. The body of rotor 25 is shown in Figure 5 as formed integral with shaft l8 and provided with a journal having a ball bearing 29 seated in a hub 30 formed on casing 21. The head 28, shaft section 20 and gears 2| and 22 are shown'as formed in one piece, but it will be understood that the head and gears may be formed separately and keyed to a shaft. The hub of the cylindrical member 21 is extendedinto a sleeve- 3| extending to thegear wheel l9, and which sleeve with ball bearing 29 and ball bearing 32 seated in the hub of head 28 carry the rotor 25 and maintain the coupling members in alignment. The casing head 28 is machined to form a close fitting liquid tight seat for the flanged rim of cylindrical member 21 and the two members are rigidly secured together at the seat in any suitable manner so that the casing with its sleeve 3|, shaft20 and gears 2|22 will rotate together as a unit, and shaft I8, rotor 25 and gear 19 will rotate together as a unit. The casing 21 is provided with port holes 33 and 34, the former being permanently open, and the latter being provided with a sliding gate valve 35 having a port 36. The sliding gate is shown in the form of an arcuate plate having a close sliding fit on the periphery of casing 21 and projects from a wing 31 extending from a sleeve 38, Figure 9, rotatively mounted on a sleeve 39 which is internally splined to slide on the splines of a casing sleeve 3| as seen in Figures 5, 9 and 10. The sleeve 38 of the slide valve 35 has diagonal slots 40 cut through at opposite sides, Figure 9; and working in these slots are a pair of pins 4|;

projecting from sleeve 39, and this sleeve is provided with an annular groove 42 with which thearmsof a shifter-fork 43 engage to slide sleeve 39 on casing sleeve 3|. ,As sleeve 39 is shifted back and forth pins 4| will-cause sleeve 38 to rotate on sleeve39 and cause slide valve 35 to slide on casing 21, thereby regulating the port 34 from complete opening to complete closure. To hold the slide valve in close contact with the casing a guide plate 44 having rollers 45 is bolted to the casing to overlap the free end of the slide valve as seen in Figures 8, 9 and 10. When in use the transmission casing is supplied with sufficient oilto submerge the hydraulic coupling so that port 33 will at all times admit oil to the rotor, and the position of the slide valve 35 will determine the rate of ejection from the coupling casing by the blades of the rotor.

Mounted on the transmission casing, see Figures 1 to 4, are the automatic oil control center G, the power ratio control cylinder H, the automatic gear shift cylinder 1, the hand gear shift lever J and its valve K, and the oil pumps L and M. These parts are all preferably mounted directly upon the transmission casing, although all but the oil pumps might be mounted independently of the casing,

The oil pump L, Figures 4 and 10, is mounted at the forward end of the transmission casing at the underside of extension D and may be of any suitable type, such as a gear.p11mp, driven by shaft 46 and worm wheel 41 which meshes with worm s on the drive shaft S. The oil feed to this pump is through a duct 48 leading to theinterior of the transmission casing and is fed by the pump through pipe 49 to the automatic oil control center G hereinafter referred to in detail. This pump it will be observed is driven continuously in the same direction through its connection with drive shaft S,

The oil pump M, Figures 3 and 10,is mounted at the rear end of the transmission casing and is secured to the flange of easing body A. This pump has a double set of gears divided by a partition in the pump casing and thus constitutes two pumps driven at the same speed by pump shaft 50 and worm-wheel 5| which meshes with worm s' on the driven shaft S. Instead of the double gear pump M two separate pumps may be employed. The oil feed to this double pump is through a duct 52, Figure 3, leading from the inpipe 53 from the lower section of the pump to the automatic oil control center G and by pipe 54 from the upper section of the pump to the power ratio control cylinder H which under certain conditions as hereinafter explained operates the shifter fork 43 to shift slide valve 35 of the hydraulic coupling. Pump L and the section of pump M which delivers oil to the oil control center through pipe 53 are of the same capacity so that when the shaft speeds of S and S synl0 chronize the pumps will deliver 011 at equal pressures tothe oil control center G The automatic oil control center G for the oil feed is illustrated in detail in Figures and'16.

The body of this device as illustrated is in the 15 9 form of a single block 55 drilled to provide piston chambers and ducts, and is preferably mounted on the side of the transmission casing as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 15, the block 55 is shown as having two laterally projecting sections which are drilled to form valve chambers 55 and 51 f for the piston slide valves 58 and 59. These valves are preferablyiin the form of cylindrical pistons having stems which slide in plugs 68 screwed into the outer ends of the piston chamhers. Between the slide valves and the plugs are coiled springs GI sleeved on the valve stems and which serve to drive the valves to the extreme forward or inward positions against the shoulders at the inner ends of the chambers as shown 38 in Figure 15, and the function of the screw plugs 88 is to adjust and equalize the pressure of springs BI. To protect the ends of the valve stems, and to serve as adjustable stops for the valves, the valve chambers are provided with screw caps 82. The piston valves 59 and 59 are provided with circumferential grooves 88-68 and 65-88, respectively, ,which register with oil ducts 81-88 and 69--'I8, respectively, in the idle or starting position of the valves as shown in Figure 15; Ducts 81, 58 and 69 connectwith oil duct ll to which pipe 12 is connected and which pipe conveys the oil directly to the rear. end of automatic gear shift cylinder I, Figures 2 and 14,

hereinafter referred to in detail. From the forward end of cylinder I'pipe 13 returns the oil to port 18. Valve pistons 58 and 58 are drilled to form ducts I4 and are perforated as indicated at I5 to provide communication from the piston plugs, and which ports are normally closed by spring seated valves 83 and 84, respectively. These ,valves have stems which slide in screwthreaded plugs 85 which are adjustable to regulate the pressure of the valve springs. The outer ends of valve plugs l9--88 are provided with caps 88 which protect and serve as stops for the valve stems. Valve plugs IS-88 have relief ports 8'! and 88, respectively, which are connected together by pipe 89, Figures 1 and 16. Extending vertically in block 55 are two ducts 88 and 9i which pass through a central horizontal passage 92 and which ducts connect valve chamber 18 at both ends with valve chambers 55 and 51, respectively, but which ducts are closed by piston valves 58 and 59,'respectively, when the pistons are in the forward position as shown in Figure 15. Extending vertically at the center of block 55 is a; duct 98 which connects valve chamber 18 with the central passage-92 midway between ducts 98 and 8d. Screwed into the central passage 92 are two ball check valves 88 and 95 having ports which open into passage 92 for communication with duct .93, and circumferential ported grooves which communicate with ducts 989I. The check valves are provided with small relief ports 98 which communicate with relief ports 97 and. 98 which are connected together by pipe 99, Figures 1 and 16. At the top center of block 55 is a valve chamber I88 having a port in alignment with the duct 93, and which port is normally closed by a spring seated valve IIlI. 'Valve chamber I88 has a port to which pipe I82 is connected, and which pipe is coupled to pipe I3 leading from the gear shift cylinder I, Figures 2 and 14. Pipe 89 which is connected between relief ports 8l88 has a coupling which relief ports 91-98, and both pipes '88 and 88 are connected by pipel E83 to oil return pipe I88 which is connected to the transmission casing I as seen in Figure 1. The return pipe lflflis convalve chambers to the piston grooves 68 and 65,

and through them with ducts 6.1 and 59, respectively. Piston grooves 6364'on piston 58 are so located that when the piston 58 is in its extreme forward position as in Figure 15,groove 83 will register with duct 51, groove IS I- will be out. of

register, and the piston will close duct 68, and when the piston 58 is moved backward against its spring pressure and arrested by its stem contacting with cap 82, the groove 54 w'illregister with duct 68 and the return port I85, groove 681 will be out of register, and the piston will close duct 81. Piston grooves 68 on piston 59' are so located that'when the pistonjs in its extreme forward position, as in Figure 15,. groove-85 will register with duct .69 and groove 88 will register 5 communicating with valve chambers within the transmission casing opposite the automatic oilv nected to the piston valve chambers 56 and 57 by return port couplings 485 and I", respectively, and by relief port couplings I85 at the rear of piston valves 58 and 59 asseen in Figing; a piston and piston rod I81; anoil inlet at the rear end of the cylinder to which 011 pipe 54 is connected so that the oil pressure will tend to'drive the piston rod forward, and an outlet port at the forward endof the cylinder to which return pipe I88 is connected and which leads directly to the transmission casing through cover B. Piston rod I 81 has pivotally connected to it a slotted link I89 which is connected to lever H8, Figure 2. This lever is rigidly secured on shifter shaft III joumalled in the cover B and stepped in a bearing II: on the inside of casing member 0, Figure 12. Shaft III has rigidly secured thereon a shifter arm 3, Figures 18 and 12, having a slot through which the pin of shifter fork 43 passes to afford a sliding connection. The shifter fork slides on rod H9 extending 0 parallel to'the rotor shaft l8 and which rod pro-= jects from bracket 5 extending from the side wall of the transmission casing.

The. automatic gear shift'cylinder I,'-Figures 2 and 14, is preferably mounted on the side of the control center G and comprises cylinder I having a long piston H6 and piston rod 1; a valve or cut-off box H in the opposite ends of which ball check valves H9 and H9 are secured; oil ducts I and I2I which communicate with passages I20 and I2I cut through the bodies of the check valves, and with ports to which oil pipes I2 and I3 are respectively connected; and at the mid-sectionlof the cylinder an outlet port I22 which leads directly into the cut-off box between the two check valves. The position of piston II6 when the transmission is operating with geared drive is at the forward end of cylinder I, as shown in Figure 14, and the piston will be in that position when the transmission is at rest. When the engine is started and pumps L and M begin the oil circulation, as hereinafter explained, the oil feed from the oil control center G to cyl- ,inder I will be through pipe I2 and through ducts. I20 and I20 to the piston chamber to hold the piston in the forward position, and simultaneously the ball check valve II9 will be driven to its seat to prevent flow directly into .th cutoil box as seen in Figure 14. The return flow from the piston chamber will be through port I22, unseating ball check valve M9 and opening the outlet through the check valve, and passage I2I to pipe I3 which leads back to the oil control center G at I3, Figure 15. Piston rod with a block I29 rigidly attached to a slide rod' I sliding through a packed bearing I3I in the rear wall of casing A, Figure 6. The slotted link I26 is held under spring tension by a spring I26 which is hooked between the link and lever I24.

so that connecting pin I28 will normally be held seated between the shoulders formed by th short angle I26 of the slots to impart the fore and aft movements of piston II6 to the slide rod I30. Slidably connected with block I29 is a block I32,

U-shaped in cross-section as seen in Figure 7,

having a pin I33 which passes through slot I34 in block I29, Figures 6 and 7, and having bevelled shoulders or cam surfaces I35 which engage cam surfaces I21 on link I26. Block I32 is rigidly attached to a slide rod I36 sliding through a packed bearing I3'I similar to bearing I3I and which rod is parallel with and in the same horizontal plane as rod I30. Rod 'I30 and I36 are adjustably secured to a pair of slides. I38 and I39, Figures 5 and 6, which are bored to slide on rods I40 and. MI adjustably secured in lug I42 projecting from cover B of the transmission casing. Slides I38 and I39 at the mid-section are provided with sockets I38. and I39 extending crosswise of the slides and open at the top and adjacent ends, the former being shorter than the latter, see Figure 11, and in which sockets a cross-head I43 on hand gear shift lever J is adapted to slide. The length of the cross-head is such that when the lever J hereinafter referred to in detail, is in a central position as in Figures 6 and 11, or as far as the cross-head will shift into the socket I30}, it will interlock the slides I I38 and I 39, so that "the slides may be moved in unison by the operating lever, or both slides .for forward geared drive.

I26 and place pin I28 in the long slot I25,

and thereby operatively disconnecting shifter lever I24 from the shifter slides I38 and I39 and permit free movement of slides I39 without retardation by thepressure in cylinder 1. Slide I39 is provided with a socket in which is seated a springpressed detent I44, Figure 5, adapted to engage notches a, b, c and d on rod I to position and hold the shifter slides; notch a being the forward geared drive position, notch 21 the direct shaft drive position, notch c the neutral or idle position, and notch d the-reverse drive position. Slide I39 has projecting downward from socket I39 forked arm I45 which engages the shifter groove I5 on sleeve I2 and whereby the fore and aft movements of slides I38 and I39 in unison, or slide I39 alone, shifts the sleeve I2. In the position shown in Figures 5 and 6, the detent is in notch a and gears I32I in mesh Through the forward movement of the slides to the position where the detent engages notch b the shifter fork will move sleeve I2 forward to disengage gears I3-2I and interlock clutch members I.I-I4 for direct shaft drive, and by rearward movement of the slides to the point where the detent engages notch c the sleeve will shift to disengage gears I3-2I and hold the transmission in the neutral or inoperative position, and further rearward movement of the slides to the point where the detent en gages notch 11 sleeve I2 will move gear 2.I into mesh with gear I6 for reverse drive. It will be noted by reference to Figure 6 that slide rods I40 and I are of unequal length, and that slide I39 is bored through beyond socket I39. to afford clearance for rod I4I when slides I38-I39 are shifted forward to interlock the direct shaft length that when the slides I38I39 are in the position shown in Figures 5 and 6 for the geared drive connection, it will project into the slide so as to be flush with the inner surface of socket I39 so that when the hand lever J is in the central position as in Figure 11, the slides will be free to move in unison, and when tilted toshift cross-head I43 further into socket I39 the crosshead will engage the end of rod HI and lock the slides against shifting forward and prevent the shift of sleeve I2 for direct shaft drive connection. When the transmission is in direct shaft drive the cross-head I43 will contact the slide rod I M and prevent the tilting of the hand lever J laterally, and change of drive through the operation of the hand lever J can only be obtained by depressing the lever to openthe relief valve K to relieve the pressure on the piston of shifter cylinder I, whereupon the shifter sleeve I2 may be shifted by the hand lever to the geared drive, neutral or-reverse drive positions.

From the foregoing description of the connection of hand lever J with the shifter slides,

it will be observed that the lever has four func- (1)].To shift the transmission intq the tions: I neutral position; (2) to shift;,the transmission into reverse drive; (3) to provide manual shift into direct shaft drive or into geared forward drive'when desired; and (4) to lock the trans mission against automaticshift into direct shaft drive and hold the transmission in the overdrive connection.

The hand gear shift lever J, Figures and 11, is pivoted by a ball and socket joint HIS-446 in a housing I41 secured on cover B, and which housing is spherical at the top and closed by a spring pressed cap I48. Lever J is preferably'in two sections, see Figu e 5, the upper section having ball I 46 at its lower end and the lower section J having the crosshead I43 at its lower I end and a cylindrical shoulder I 49 and shank IE6 at its upper end, the shoulder and shank sliding in a socket in the ball I46 and held in the extended position by coiled spring NH. The socket I46 is adapted to slide vertically within housing I61 by downward pressure on lever J, the lever in this movement sliding through cap use against the pressure of coiled spring I52 which is seated between the cap I48 and fixed collar I53 on lever J. By reference to Figure 5 it will be observed that when lever J is pressed downward, lever section J" is free to slide upward within the ball I66 against its spring, and socket I46 will slide downward in'the housing with the lever J, and when the pressure on lever J is discontinued spring I52 will move the lever and socket upward to the position of Figures 5 and i1.

The hand gear shift lever J has co-operating with it the valve K shown in detail in Figures ii and 13. This valve comprises a casing mounted on the housing I61 and having ports I56 and I66 to which oil pipes I2 and 13 are respectively connected as shown in Figure 2, and which ports lead to the valve-chamber in which valve I56 working against the pressure of spring Isl controls communication between said ports, see Fig are 13. The forward end of the valve stem is bevelled as seen at I58 and engages a V-notch or groove I59 on the socket M6 of the ball and socket joint of lever J, whereby, when lever J is depressed to shift the socket in its housing as above described, the downward movement of the socket will force the valve stem backward to.

ing the spring IE? to close. the valve. The func- 3 tion of valve I56 and the cross-connection between pipes I2 and 13' is to relieve the pressure is connected through a universal joint I66 with lever III! on the shaft III which actuates the shifter fork 43 of the hydraulic coupling slide valve 35. The operative connection of the arm I66 with the connecting rod I68 is preferably yielding one and for that purpose a coiled spring rod I68 to leave a clearance between the collar and nuts as seen in Figure 2. One end of the trunnion pin I62 projects beyond its bearing as seen in Figure l and keyed thereon .is an arm I12 having a, bevelled collar through which projects the rod I13 having a knob I14, and which rod is the usual connecting rod for operating the engine throttle. The compound rocking movement of the pedal is provided, first, for the purpose of imparting through depression of the pedal rearward movement to rod I6I and arm I12, valve. rod I68, and throttle rod I13; and second, by rocking the'pedal laterally, to turn pivot rod I6I in trunnion pin I62 and swing arm I66 forward to impart forward movement to valve rod I66 by engagement of collar IBTwith nuts I68 Rearward movement of rod I68. rocks lever M0 to rotate shaft III and rock shifter the piston of cylinder H, under certain condi- .ment the downward pressure on the pedalis decreased throttle rodI'I3 will move forward as usual to throttle down the engine. Lever III) and the operating rod I66 are held under tension by spring I15 so'that lever III), shaft'III,

=arm H3, and shifter fork is tend to return to the initial or idle position indicated in Figures 2 and 10, which is the position in which slide valve 35 is held wide open and consequently the rotor of the hydraulic coupling will rotate freely without transmitting power to the driven shaft. The movement of lever III! through the vertical rocking movement of pedal I66 is free to rotate shaft III for actuating the shifter for 63 indeon piston IIG in-the shifter cylinder and permit the hand shifting of the shifter mechanism by lever J, the piston H6 in the movement im 1 parted by-the hand lever causing the oil in cylinder I to circulate around by way of the cross connection betweenpipes 12 and 13 at the relief valve K. Relief of the pressure on piston II6 could be obtained by a, separate manually operated valve, but the arrangement for control by the hand gear shift lever J is preferred.

The accelerator pedal for accelerating the englue and power transmission is shown in Figures 1, leand 2. The pedal I66 isshown as having a compound rocking movement, and for this purpose the pedal is mounted at a suitable angle on a rod I6I which passes through and is swivelled in trunnion pin. I62 journalled in bearings I63 projecting from plate I6I secured upon a fixed support I65 iRod I6I projects through an' open- Log in the support I65 and has an arm I66 rigidly secured thereon and which arm at its free end has-a bevelled collar or fork I61 through which connecting rod I68 passes. The connecting rod pendently of the power ratio control cylinderldl due to the slot in link I09 which connects the piston rod I61 of cylinder H with lever Md. The purpose of this independent movement is to permit starting of power transmission through the hydraulic coupling before the control cylinder H begins to function.

As above stated, the usual main clutch between the engine shaft and drive shaft, and its operating pedal, are dispensed with, the function of such clutch being performed by the hydraulic coupling, and it will be noted that'when the engine is started, drive shaft S immediately begins to rotate and withit gear wheels IIIIt and rotor 25 of the hydraulic coupling. The oil which fills the transmission casing to a point accelerator pedal, and simultaneously with the,

driven end since the valve 35 would at that time be wide open. This permits speeding up the engine to full speed, if desired, by depressing the depression of the pedal valve rod IE8 is operated to shift fork 43 and valve 35 to decrease the oil outlet from the coupling casing 21. This starts rotation of the driven end of the coupling, rotating gear wheels 2|-l3 and driven shaft S, and thereby gradually applying power to the driven shaft. When the drive shafts starts rotating, pump L will start the flow of oil through pipe {l9 and port 49 into the oil control center G, and when the driven shaft S starts rotating the pump M will begin delivering oil through pipe 53 and port 53 into the oil control center and also through pipe 54 to the power ratio control cylinder H. The flow of oil to the control center from pumps L and M has no immediate effect on the piston valves 58-59 because the pressure of springs 6| upon the rear ends of the piston valves is adjusted to permit operation of these valves only when the oil pressure is raised to a predetermined pressure due to an engine speed equivalent to a given car speed, for in-- fully closed, and the hydraulic coupling will transmit the .full power and speed of the driving shaft S. The gradual increase in speed of the driven shaft S is quite rapid due to the rapid functioning of control cylinder H. As the speed of driving shaft s increases with the initial acceleration of the engine due to operation of the accelerator pedal, and which movement simultaneously imparts the initial movement to coupling valve 35, the increase in speed of the driven shaft relative to the driving shaft" will be pro-' portionately more rapid due to the step-up ratio of gears lii\i9, and therefore as shaft S inand ports lit- 15 'of the piston valves and into grooves 6355 and through ducts 5l@--ll and pipe 12 to the automatic gear shift cylinder I, and the oil pressure will drive ball valve M5 to its seat so that the full pressure will be on piston 6 to hold it in the position of Figure 14. The oil flowing into cylinder I will return through port i2? to the cut-ofi chamber H8 and through the check valve H9 and pipe 13 to the control S will gradually increase with the increase in speed of drive shaft S plus the reduction of slip at the hydraulic coupling as the ejection of oil decreases with the gradual closing of valve due to the increasing pressure in the power ratio control cylinder H from pump iii. If the transmission is in the neutral position at the time of starting the engine, transmission sleeve 52 must be shifted by means of the hand gear shift lever J to establish th geared drive connection, and the oil pressure in cylinder I will then hold the transmission sleeve in that position until the pressure on the piston is reversed.

As the speed of the driven shaft 8' increases, the oil pressure in cylinder H will start movement of its piston forward against the pull of its spring N5, the movement of rod I01 and link H09 first taking up the slack at the slotted connection'with lever HI, and then as the pressure in the cylin-' 35 to further reduce the ejection of oil from the hydraulic coupling and cause more power to be transmitted and increase the speed of rotation of the driven end of the coupling and through gear wheels 2 |--I3 increases the power delivered to and the speed of rotation of the driven shaft 8'. This action occurs as the driven shaft speed increases due to the gradual increase in speed of driving shaft S from idlingspeed upon the initial operation of the accelerator'pedal I 58 and creases in speed the functioning of control cylinder H becomes proportionately more rapid due to the relatively increased speed of shaft S. During this movement of lever H0, connecting rod 58 will slide through the collar of pedal arm E66 and cause nuts 168 to abut against collar i6l when the piston of shifter cylinder H reaches the limit of its forward movement.

As the speed of driven shaft Si increases, and while the speed of shaft S still exceeds that of S due to slip at the hydrauliccoupling andtherefore before the transmission begins overdrive, the oil pressure delivered by pump M through pipe 53 also increases, and since the pressures from both pumps L and M will merge in duct H, the pressure on the two piston valves 58-59 will equalize, but will not afiect the piston valves until the pressure becomes'sufiicient to overcome the pressure of their springs 6 I. When the combined pressures from pumps L and M-become sufficient to overcome thepressure of springs 5!,

piston valves 58-59 will begin to shift from the position shown in Figure 15 and cut off communication at the ducts 6'l69. This blocks the flow from pipes 49 and-53 to pipe 12 and builds up the pressure on pistons 58-59- and shifts them against the increased pressure of springs 5 i to the extreme outward positions from that of 'Figure 15 where groove 66 of piston 58 will reglieving the pressure on the rear side of piston.

M5, but the piston will remain in the forward position since there is at this time no reverse pressure, and slides |38-i39 and sleeve l2 will likewise remain in the position shown in Figure 5.

The movement of piston valves 5859 to the extreme outward position opens ducts 9il--9l and the oil entering the piston chambers from pipes and 53 will now flow through ducts 90-91 to chamber 15 where the oil pressures from pumps j L andM will act independently upon opposite I ends of the slide'ivalve ll. The pressures dewithout increasing the engine speedby further depressing the accelerator pedal as usual with other types of transmissions, and continues until the piston in cylinder H reaches the-limit of its forward movement, when slide valve 35 will be 7 the central livered through ducts 9il9i to chamber 16 at' this'time will be unequal since the speeds of shafts S and S are not in synchronism and hence the oil pressure from pump L will exceed that from pump M, and consequently the pressure in duct 9i will exceed'the pressure in duct 99. The oil pressure in ducts 59 and Si will open both check valves 94 and 95 to admit oil to passage 92' and duct 93, and since the pressure in duct 9! will be somewhat greater than in duct valve l1 will startmoving toward the central position in chamber 16. During this movement the pressure from pump M is rapidly increasing due to the increasing speed of driven shaft S and as the valve 11 reaches position oil from passage 93 will flow around groove 18 and open valve tion. This occurs when the hydraulic coupling is about to begin overdrive through geared connections I-i9 and 2I--l3. The oil from ducts tit-9i will now be free to flow through both check valves 96-45 and up through duct 93 applying pressure on valve IN and open it against the pressure of its spring. The flow of oil will then be through valve chamber I00, pipe I02 and pipe 73 to shifter cylinder I. The pressure on the rear side of piston II6 from pipe I2 having been cut ofl by the shift of piston valves 58-59, the oil pressure will now be on the front side of the piston M0 and cause it to move to the opposite end of the cylinder from that shown in Figure 14, and at the same time the ball check II9 will shift to check the escape of oil for the moment into the cut-off chamber. As the piston shifts, the oil in the left end of cylinder I is driven out through pipe I2 and as the piston IIB passes the central port I22 the oil entering through pipe 73 and port HI will escape through port I22 and unseat check valve H9 and return to'the oil control center G by way of pipe 72. The oil returning to the oil control center through pipe it enters ducts 'H-'60, passes around groove 63 of piston valve'tii and through return port 905 and pipe I back to the transmission casing as seen in Figure 1. Thus the co-operation of valves El and I 0! acts as a reversing valve for cylinder I to reverse the pressure on piston M6, and this action reverses the action of leverlfit and through the shoulder lcausing clutch members Ill-4 3 to engage for direct shaft drive; the detent ltd engaging notch b on rod IM to retain slides tilt-H39 in the direct shaft drive position; This reversing action effected by the 011 control center G and the shifter cylinder I is quite rapid, and the time interval between the beginning of power transmission and the synchronization of the speeds of shafts S and S to effect the shift into direct shaft drive may be varied by the operation of the accelerator pedal to vary the. speed of the engine. The shift into direct shaft drive will be maintained so long ,as th reverse pressure is maintained on piston IlG by the balanced pressure on slide valve ll.

Toshift the transmission from direct shaft i drive into geared drive, the operator will relax the pressure on the accelerator pedal to permit accelerator rod irate retract thereby decelerating the engine and causing a reduction in the speed of rotation of drive shaft S and a proportionate reduction in the speed of rotation of the driven shaft S. This reduces the speed of pumps L and M in like proportion and efiects a reduction of oil pressure at the oil control center G where the equal and reduced pressures on the piston valves 53-50 are overcome by the piston valve springs at which thereupon begin to shift the valves toward the position of Figure 15,

cutting off the flow of oil from ports 39 and 53 to ducts 9i and 90, respectively, and consequently cutting off the pressure on valve IOI byway of duct 93 thereby allowing the spring .to close valve the operation of the accelerator pedal. transmission is provided in which. the change in speed of the driven shaft and shift into and" IOI and cut off the pressure delivered through pipes I02 and I3 to the forward side of piston I I6 through which the transmission was shifted into direct drive, and at the same time cutting off the return flow from pipe 12 and ducts II and 68 and return port I05 and pipe I04. As the pressure at the oil control center continues to reduce, the piston valves 5859 return to the position of Figure 15 and re-establish the oil flow from ports 49' and 53*- through piston ducts 15, grooves 63 t5, ducts 6169 to duct 'II and pipe 12, and the groove 66 of piston will re-establish communication between pipe I3, port 10 and return port l05' to return pipe I04. This reverses the action and the oil pressure will now be on the rear side of piston IIB to impart a forward stroke thereto and return the sleeve I2'to the position of Figure 5 to re-establish the geared drive. This change will take place when the shaft speeds have been reduced to produce a car speed, for instance, of 15 M. P. H. The relative speeds'of shafts'S and S and the rate of powertransmission will now depend upon the engine speed as controlled by the accelerator pedal.

If the operator desires to shift the'transmission manually from direct shaft drive into geared drive, or from geared drive into direct shaft drive, without waiting for the automatic shift above described, he may do so at will by operating the hand gear shift lever J. For this purpose the lever J is depressed to open valve E and the cross-connection between pipes I2I3, Figure 13, thereby relieving the oil pressure on the piston of shifter cylinder I, and simultaneously with this movement the lever is tilted to shift the shifter slides in unison in either direction. v

To place the transmission sleeve I2 in the neutral position or to shift the sleeve into the reverse drive position when the transmission is in the geared forward drive position, the hand gear shift lever J is tilted to shift the cross-head M3 fully within socket I39 whereby as above described the shifter slide I39 may be moved independenth; of the automatic shifter mechanism. To return the transmission from reverse drive back to geared forward drive the hand lever J tilted back again to. the normal position of Figure 5 and tilted laterally to shift the crosshead I83 into interlocking position in sockets I38 and I 39. If the transmission is in neutral, lever J is shifted to re-establish the normal operative position of Figure 5 as the engine is started.

From the foregoing description of the hydraulic .power transmission, it will be observed that by the use of the hydraulic coupling, no main driving clutch a's heretofore employedis required, k

and that gear shifting for speeds between minimum low and maximum high is unnecessary unless it is desired to operate on direct shaft drive, and consequently the usual'clutch pedal and gear shift lever are unnecessary, and that the driving control is obtained solely through That a out of direct shaft drive is automatically effected the usual pedal for the engine control.

free-wheeling may be had by manipulation of the accelerator pedal to effect the full opening of the hydraulic coupling valve to discontinue power transmission from the driving shaft. That change in drive ratio may be obtained at any speed since gear shifting is obviated except when shifting into direct shaft drive. -And that due to the flexible connection between the driving and driven shafts at the hydraulic coupling stalling of the engine is avoided, and application of full engine power is therefore permissible under all road conditions or when the car is at a standstill.

What I claim is:

1. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in said countershaft, geared driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir for supplying liquid to said coupling, a mechanical connection with the engine accelerator for starting power transmission through said coupling, and means functioning through the speed of the driven shaft for controlling the flow of liquid through said coupling to vary the speed of the driven shaft. I

2. In apparatus ofthe class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional counter-shaft, an hydraulic coupling in said counter-shaft, geared driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir for supplying liquid to said coupling, hydraulic means responsive to the speed of the driven shaft for varying the liquid flow through said coupling to vary the speed of the driven shaft, and manually'operated means for starting the functioning of said hydraulic means.

3. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectionalcounter-shaft, an hydraulic 'coupling in said counter-shaft,

geared driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir for supplying liquid to said coupling, a valve for controlling the liquid flow through said coupling, and an hydraulic device the pressure in which is responsive to the speed of the driven shaft and operatively connected with said valve for varying the rate of liquid flow through the coupling to vary the speed of the driven shaft.

4. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional counter-shaft, an hydraulic coupling in said counter-shaft, geared driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir for supplying liquid to said coupling, a valve for controlling the liquid flow through said coupling, a mechanical connection between the engine accelerator and said valve for starting power transmission through said coupling, and an hydraulic device the pressure in which is responsive to the speed of the driven shaft and operatively connected with said valve for varying the rate of liquid flow. through the coupling to vary the speed of the driven shaft.

for supplying liquid to said coupling, a pump operated from the driven shaft of the transmission, an hydraulic device supplied with liquid by said pump from said reservoir, a valve for controllingthe liquid flow through said coupling, and an operative connection between said valve and said'hydraulic device whereby the rate of liquid flow through the coupling is varied.

6. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a counter-shaft for geared driving connection between said shafts, an hydraulic coupling in said'counter-shaft, coupling members for direct shaft drive connection between' said driving and driven shafts, mechanism for shifting said coupling'members into and out of engagement, a fluid pressure device for actuating said mechanism, and control means responsive to fluid pressure delivered by pumps driven by said driving and driven shafts for controlling the transmission through said hydraulic coupling and the fluid pressure at said pressure device.

-7. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a counter-shaft for geared driving connection between said shafts, an hydraulic coupling in said counter-shaft, hydraulically operated means responsive to the speed of the driven shaft for controlling said coupling, coupling members for direct shaft drive connection between said driving and driven shafts, mechanism for shifting said coupling members into and out of engagement, a fluid pressure cylinder having a piston coupled to said mechanism, a. fluid pressure control center havpressure, pumps driven by said driving and driven shafts for supplying fluid pressure to said control center, and valved ports at said control center responsive to pressures delivered by said pumps to open the fluid pressure to one side of said piston and for reversing the pressure on said piston when the pressures from said pumps are reduced.

8. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a counter-shaft for geared driving connection between said shafts,

an hydraulic coupling in said counter-shaft, hy-

draulically operated means responsive .to the speed of the driven shaft for controlling said coupling, coupling members for direct shaft drive through said piston valve to reverse the pressure on said piston.

9. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a powen'transmission, of a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in said countershaft, geared driving connections between said ,shafts. and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir'for supplying liquid to said coupling,

geared driving connections between said shafts means functioning .through the speed of the driven shaft for controlling the flow of liquid through coupling, clutch members for direct shaft drive connection between the driving and driven. shaftsQShifter mechanism for said clutch,

afluid pressure device for actuating said mechanism, pumps driven by said driving and driven shafts, and a control means responsive to liquid pressure delivered by said pumps from said reser voir for controlling the fluid pressure delivered to said shifter mechanism actuator.

10. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in said countershaft, geared driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir for supplying liquid to said coupling, means functioning through the speed of the driven shaft, for controlling the flow of liquid through said coupling, clutch members for direct shaft drive connection between the driving and driven-shafts, shifter mechanism for said clutch, a fluid pressure cylinder having a piston coupled to said mechanism, a liquid pressure control center having valves responsive to a predetermined pressure delivered by pumps driven by said driving and driven shafts, and valved ports at said control center responsive to balanced pressures delivered by said pumps to open the fluid pressure to one side of said piston and for reversing the pressure on said piston when the pressures from said pumps are reduced.

11. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a counter-shaft for geared driving connection between said shafts,

means for varying the transmission by said counter-shaft, coupling members for direct shaft drive connection between said driving and driven shafts, mechanism for shifting said coupling members into and out of engagement, a fluid pressure device for actuating said mechanism, a control means responsive to fluid pressure delivered by pumps driven by said driving and driven shafts for controlling the fluid pressure at said pressure device, a hand lever for manually operating said shifter mechanism, and manually operated pressure relieving means for said fluid pressure device to permit manual operation of said shifter mechanism. 12. In apparatus of the class described, the

combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a counter-shaft for geared driving connection between said shafts, means for varying the transmission by said counter-shaft, coupling members for direct shaft drive connection between said driving and driven shafts, mechanism for shifting said coupling I members into and out of engagement, a fluid pressure device for actuating said mechanism, a control means responsive to fluid pressure delivered by pumps driven by said driving and driven shafts for controlling the fluid pressure at said pressure device, a hand lever for manually operating said shifter mechanism to shift the transmission into neutral and reverse, manually operated pressure relieving means for said fluid pressure device to permitmanual operation of said shifter mechanism for speed change, and means co-operating with said lever for locking said shifter mechanism to maintain the transmission in overdrive.

13. In apparatus of the class described, .the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in said countershaft,

geared driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio, a reservoir for supplying liquid to said coupling, means functioning through the speed of the driven shaft for controlling the flow of liquid through said trol means responsive to liquid pressure delivered by said pumps from said reservoir for controlling the fluid pressure delivered to said shifter mechanism actuator, a hand lever for manually operating said shifter mechanism, and manually operated pressure relieving means for said fluid pressure device to .permit manual operation of said shifter mechanism.

14. A power transmission mechanism having in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, hydraulic transmission means between said shafts, manual control means for starting the functioning of said hydraulic transmission, and hydraulically actuated means responding to the speed of the driven shaft for automatically varying said hydraulic transmission.

15. A power transmission mechanism having in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, hydraulic transmission means between said shafts. manual control means for starting the functioning of said hydraulic transmission, control means for automatically varying transmission, and means functioning through the relative speeds of the driving and driven shafts for varying the transmission to increase or decrease the speed of the driven shaft.

16. A power transmission having in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a direct shaft drive coupling between said shafts, hydraulically -operated means for shifting said coupling, an

hydraulic coupling between said shafts for variable speed drive, hydraulically operated means for varying the drive through said hydraulic cou- 1'7. In apparatus of the class described, the

combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in the counter-shaft,

driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio for overdrive of the driven shaft through said coupling, means for varying the transmission through said hydraulic coupling, and means for maintaining the transmission atoverdrive through said hydraulic coupling.

18. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in the counter-shaft, driving connections between. said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio for overdrive of the driven shaft. through said coupling, hydraulically actuated means for automatically varying the transmission through said hydraulic coupling, and means formaintaining the transmission at overdrive through said hydraulic coupling.

.19. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a sectional countershaft, anhydraulic coupling in the counter-shaft, driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio for overdrive of the driven shaft through said coupling, hydraulically actuated means responding to the speed.

. between the counter-shaft and driving and driven shafts for overdrive, shifter means for changing the drive from geared to direct shaft drive and vice versa, hydraulic means for actuating.

said shifter means, and means for varying the transmission through said hydraulic coupling.

21. In apparatus of the class described, the

combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a direct shaft drive clutch between said shafts, a sectional countershaft, an hydraulic coupling in the counter-shaft,

step-up gear drive connections of constant ratio between the counter-shaft and driving and driven shafts for overdrive, shifter means for changing the, drive from geared to direct shaft drive and vice versa, hydraulic means for actuating said shifter means, means for varying the transmission through said hydraulic coupling, and means for maintaining the transmission at overdrive through said hydraulic coupling.

22. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with the driving and driven shafts of a power transmission, of a direct shaft drive clutch between said shafts, manually actuated means for operating-said clutch at will, a sectional counter-shaft, an hydraulic coupling in the counter-shaft, driving connections between said shafts and counter-shaft of constant ratio for overdrive of the driven shaft through said coupling, means for varying the transmission through said hydraulic coupling, and means cooperating with said manually actuated clutch operating means for maintaining the transmission at overdrive through said hydraulic coupling.

v GEORGE STROBRIDGE. 

